access to treatment accidents Adderall addiction ADHD administrative burdens adolescents alcohol algorithms ARCOS Arizona arrest data balancing patient care and drug control barriers to use benzodiazepines best practices birth defects BJA Harold Rogers break-ins buprenorphine California Canada case investigation celebrities chilling effect chronic pain co-morbidity college Connecticut controlled substance agreements Controlled Substances Act crime DAWN data deaths demographic characteristics dentists diversion doctor shopping drug abuse on campus drug control policy drug dealers drug impaired driving drug testing economic costs editorials EDT effectiveness of prescription control electronic prescribing emergency department visits epidemiology evaluations extended release opioids false negatives false positives FDA fentanyl Florida France fraud geographic comparisons geographic variation Georgia government report government reports health information technology heroin high school history of opioids history of substance abuse hydrocodone identifying diversion and misuse Illinois impact on medical practice improper prescribing information technology injection drug use Internet internet sales interstate data sharing journal article journal articles KASPER Kentucky law enforcement laws and regulations literature review logistic regression model Maine mandates mandating PDMP use marijuana Maryland Massachusetts MCPPs Medicaid medical boards medical claims data medical examiner data MEPS meta analysis methadone Michigan Missouri narcotics NASPER neonatal abstinence syndrome neonatal addiction Netherlands neurobiology Nevada newborns New Hampshire New Mexico news articles news story non-cancer pain non-medical use North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma online pharmacies opioid abuse opioids opioid tolerance opioid treatment Oregon overdoses overdoses and deaths oxycodone Oxycontin pain clinics pain management pain medicine palliative care patient adherence monitoring pdmp administrators PDMP Center of Excellence PDMP data PDMP impact pharmaceutical companies pharmacy practice pharmacy robberies pharmacy shopping pharmacy thefts pill mills pill pushers PMIX PMP comparisons PMP data PMP funding PMP operations PMP startup podcasts poison center data polydrug use prescriber education prescribing patterns prescribing practice prescribing practices prescription drug b prescription monitoring press release privacy privacy concerns pseudoaddiction psychiatric disorders regulating medical practice regulatory agencies REMS Rhode Island risk factors RX epidemic screening tests secure prescription forms security features social costs state comparisons stimulants substance abuse substitution effect surveillance survey data tamperproof prescription forms testimony third party payers thresholds toxicology training and education treatment treatment admissions data triplicate prescriptions undertreatment of pain unintended consequences urinalysis Utah Vicodin Virginia Washington West Virginia white paper Wisconsin Xanax zolpidem